- 閱讀理解A
題干：Theuseofdeferential(敬重的）languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman，whichdominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan.Thisidealpresentsawomanwhowithdrawsquietlytothebackground,subordinatingherlifeandneedstothoseofherfamilyanditsmalehead.Sheisadutifuldaughter,wife,andmother,masterofthedomesticarts.ThetypicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodestyanddelicacy；she“treadssoftly(謹(jǐn)言慎行）intheworld”，elevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoanartform.Nowadays,itiscommonlyobservedthatyoungwomenarenotconformingtothefemininelinguistic(語言的）ideal.Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women’s”forms,andevenusingthefewstrongformsthatareknowas“men’s”.This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen'slanguage.Indeed,wedidn’thearabout“men’slanguage”untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls'appropriationofformsnormallyreservedforboysandmen.Thereisconsiderablesentimentaboutthe“corruption”ofwomen'slanguage-whichofcourseisviewedaspartofthelossoffeminineidealsandmorality-andthissentimentiscrystallizedbynationwideopinionpollsthatareregularlycarriedoutbythemedia.YoshikoMatsumotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighlydeferentialformsasolderwomen.Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto“growinto”-afterall,itisasignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone'ssocialrelationsaswell.Onemightwellimaginelittlegirlsusingexceedinglypoliteformswhenplayinghouseorimitatingolderwomen-inafashionanalogoustolittlegirls’useofahigh-pitchedvoicetodo“teachertalk”or“mothertalk”inroleplay.ThefactthatyoungJapanesewomenareusinglessdeferentiallanguageisasuresignofchange-ofsocialchangeandoflinguisticchange.Butitismostcertainlynotasignofthe“masculization”ofgirls.Insomeinstances,itmaybeasignthatgirlsaremakingthesameclaimtoauthorityasboysandmen,butthatisverydifferentfromsayingthattheyaretryingtobe“masculine”.KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschoolsandout.Socialchangealsobringsnotsimplydifferentpositionsforwomenandgirls，butdifferentrelationstolifestages，andadolescentgirlsareparticipatinginnewsubculturalforms.Thuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,seemlike"masculine"speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“l(fā)iberated”or“hip”speech.
題目：The first paragraph describes in detail_____. - A 、the standards set for contemporary Japanese women
- B 、the Confucian influence on gender norms in Japan
- C 、the stereotyped role of women in Japanese families
- D 、the norms for traditional Japanese women to follow
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參考答案【正確答案：B】
主旨題。本題問的是第一段的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。文章的開頭就介紹交際中使用敬語是日本女性的傳統(tǒng)儒家思想中性別準(zhǔn)則的象征。接下來就用了大量的細(xì)節(jié)化語言表述了傳統(tǒng)日本女性是如何遵守那些準(zhǔn)則的。因此，整個段落都是圍繞著傳統(tǒng)孔子儒教思想中的婦德表現(xiàn)的具體細(xì)節(jié)的說明。故選B選項。Α選項“當(dāng)代婦女的行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，顯然不對;C選項“日本女性在家庭中的固定角色”，在段落中并不明確，所以也不是正確答案；而D選項“傳統(tǒng)日本女性遵守的準(zhǔn)則”，看似和B選項接近, 但是仔細(xì)分析，文中只是提到了性別準(zhǔn)則，而非所有的準(zhǔn)則，顯然歸納范圍太大，因此也排除。
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