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  • 閱讀理解A
    題干:Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”P(pán)eopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228-thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?It'snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms:theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren'sversion).Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikevosSavant'sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting?",Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestsbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership-thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit'sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip.
    題目:What is the author's attitude towards IQ tests?
  • A 、Supportive.
  • B 、Skeptical.
  • C 、Impartial.
  • D 、Biased.

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參考答案

【正確答案:B】

態(tài)度題。文章第一段是引子部分,引人智商測(cè)試這個(gè)話題。作者舉莎凡這個(gè)例子的目的在 第二段第一句得到了總結(jié),即智商測(cè)試的得分不能體現(xiàn)智力的高低。第三段繼續(xù)介紹智商 測(cè)試的特點(diǎn), 提到了它在記分方式上的變化,以及其他具備智商測(cè)試特點(diǎn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試。第 四段接著通過(guò)論述專(zhuān)家的觀點(diǎn),說(shuō)明智力測(cè)試不能很好地評(píng)估與成功相關(guān)的能力。可見(jiàn),作 者無(wú)論是舉例還是引用專(zhuān)家的觀點(diǎn),其目的都是說(shuō)明智商測(cè)試的不足。作者用大量的篇幅 表達(dá)了他對(duì)智商測(cè)試持懷疑態(tài)度, 所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

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