Total, Variable, Fixed, and Marginal Cost and Output：Variable,Fixed,Output:is the summation of all expenses that do not change as the level of production:varies.Total[Practice

Trading Blocs, Common Markets, and Economic Unions：all barriers to the flow of goods and services among members have been eliminated. However:Beneluxreplacement of higher-cost domestic production by lower-cost imports from othermembers.

Substitution and Income Effects：Substitution and Income Effects:effectconsumers tend to buy more of them when their income rises.

Frequency Distributions：frequency,2.35:[Practicecorrect–1.0 to +2.0intervalC.+5.0 to +8.0

Imports and Exports：Nettrade deficit.

Elasticity and Total Expenditure：expenditure move in the same direction.curve

Probability：Probability:Random:variable:Objective,Subjective:probability draws on personal or subjective judgment.;Given a probability PE:Loss

Shifts in the AD and AS curves and Equilibriums：A decrease in AD lowers real GDP:contractions are associated with rising inflation and interest rates.

Frequency Distributions：frequency,interval.,[Practicecorrectinterval+5.0 to +8.0x-axis and the absolute frequency for that interval on the y-axis

What members and candidates should notice in CFA examinations?：or security of the CFA examinations.（不能惡心CFA），考試不能作弊:考試內(nèi)容要保密:A. No.:Responsibilities as a CFA Institute Member.right④Case

Why members and candidates must develop and maintain appropriate records?：actions,Cannot usehistoricalrecommendations or research reports created at the previous firm because the supporting documentation is unavailable. （不能使用以前的推薦或者研究報告,因為沒有支持數(shù)據(jù)）For future use,CFA

What laws,rules, and regulations should be known by members and candidates?：rules，必須遵守直接相關(guān)的法律），but this may be advisable in some circumstances and required by law in others. （沒有要求一定要將違法行為報告政府）也會被認為是參與違法行為）