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問(wèn)題及答案：

1. Which of the following best describe the function of the highlighted sentence?

A. It identifies a factor that complicates biologists’ ability to draw conclusions about the behavior of cetaceans in their natural environments.

B. It illustrates the kind of deduction mentioned in the preceding sentence.

C. It explains why skeptics have remained unpersuaded by evidence that has been put forward in support of the claim that cetaceans have culture.

D. It introduces a claim that would be dismissed by both supporters and opponents of the view that cetaceans have culture.

E. It notes a previously overlooked factor that might shed light on the question of whether cetaceans have culture.

選 B

說(shuō)明了前一句話中提到的 deduction 。

2. The passage suggests which of the following about captive cetaceans?

A. Whether they are engaged in social learning is a subject of disagreement among biologists.

B. Their ability to imitate new behaviors is more extensive than that of noncaptive cetaceans.

C. They exhibit few behaviors that have not also been observed in cetaceans in their natural habitats.

D. They appear to adopt new behaviors more quickly than noncaptive cetaceans.

E. They exhibit tendencies that suggest a capacity for the kind of behavior that qualifies as cultural.

選 E

A

強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)。關(guān)于鯨目動(dòng)物是否能夠社交學(xué)習(xí)，生物學(xué)家意見(jiàn)不同。單看這句話，無(wú)比對(duì)。但請(qǐng)注意題目問(wèn)的是 CAPTIVE cetaceans 而不是單純的 cetaceans，加了 captive 這個(gè)限定成分，這句話仍然對(duì)，但不如 E 更優(yōu)。

B

干擾項(xiàng)。被圈養(yǎng)的鯨目動(dòng)物模仿新行為的能力，范圍比野生的更廣。這是一個(gè)難以證實(shí)的結(jié)論，被圈養(yǎng)的海豚的確有非常強(qiáng)的模仿能力，能夠遵照人類的指令做很多事，但野生的海豚，你甚至難以確定它有沒(méi)有模仿能力，它不模仿你很可能只是因?yàn)樗X(jué)得你傻，不想模仿你，而并非不具備模仿的能力，可你一旦把它抓起來(lái)逼它模仿，逼它展示能力，就使它失去了野生動(dòng)物的設(shè)定。

C

錯(cuò)在 few 。任何一個(gè)看過(guò)海豚表演(哪怕是視頻里看過(guò))的人，都知道它們可以學(xué)習(xí)一些在棲息地野生條件下所不具備的行為，野生海豚不會(huì)跳出水面鉆一個(gè)火圈，野生環(huán)境里根本就沒(méi)有火圈給它鉆。

D

錯(cuò)在 more quickly，同 B 。

E

它們展現(xiàn)出一些可能，即具備可以被認(rèn)為形成某種文化的行為的學(xué)習(xí)能力。

線索：

1 鯨目動(dòng)物有模仿人或者說(shuō)聽(tīng)從人類指令的能力和行為?有。

2 鯨目動(dòng)物互相之間有沒(méi)有(非基因或環(huán)境因素導(dǎo)致)學(xué)習(xí)行為?沒(méi)觀察到。

盡管 2 尚未被證明，但 1 的成立，讓有些科學(xué)家懷疑，它們已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了學(xué)習(xí)的文化。而讓 1 成立的，正是那些 captive cetaceans 。所以說(shuō)：They exhibit tendencies that suggest a capacity for the kind of behavior that qualifies as cultural.

所以選 E。

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