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Whereas Carlos Bulosan aimed through fiction and personal testimony to advance both Filipino civil rights in the United States and the social transformation of the Philippines, Yen Le Espiritu has set herself the task of recovering life histories of Filipino Americans. Her work brings Filipino Americans of the generation following the 1934-1965 immigration hiatus graphically to life. A special strength is the representation of Filipino American women, who were scarce among immigrants before the 1934 American curb on Filipino immigration but composed more than half of the immigrants to America since liberalization in 1965. Espiritu’s subjects document their changing sense of Filipino identity in the United States, much as Bulosan did as a member of the first substantial wave of immigrants.

1. According to the passage, both Bulosan and Espiritu do which of the following in their work?

A. Consider generational differences in Filipino immigrants’ responses to life in the United

B. Attempt to make allowance for the demographic variations among Filipino immigrants to the United States

C. Employ fiction in addition to documenting actual life histories of Filipino immigrants to theUnited States

D. Represent how life in the United States has affected immigrants’ sense of Filipino identity

E. Examine the effects on Filipinos in the United States of the 1934 American curb on Filipino immigration

2. In the context in which it appears, “graphically” most nearly means

A. in writing

B. by means of drawing

C. impressionistically

D. diagrammatically

E. vividly

1

Whereas Carlos Bulosan aimed through fiction and personal testimony to advance both Filipino civil rights in the United States and the social transformation of the Philippines, Yen Le Espiritu has set herself the task of recovering life histories of Filipino Americans.

在 C B 力求通過(guò)小說(shuō)和人證推進(jìn)在美菲律賓人的權(quán)利，以及菲律賓國(guó)內(nèi)的社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的同時(shí)，Y L E 給自己設(shè)定的目標(biāo)是重現(xiàn)菲律賓裔美國(guó)人的生活史。

2

Her work brings Filipino Americans of the generation following the 1934-1965 immigration hiatus graphically to life.

她的作品栩栩如生地描繪了 1934 - 1965 移民中斷期以后的一代菲律賓裔美國(guó)人的生活。

1965 年，美國(guó)通過(guò)了新的移民政策即 The Hart - Cellar Act of 1965 亦即 The 1965 Immigration Act，此前的移民政策(可上溯至 1920 年代)是嚴(yán)格根據(jù)美國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)已有的人口比例發(fā)放配額，也就是說(shuō)北歐人移入比意大利人容易，而亞裔因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)人口占比非常低，加上其他限制(比如成年文盲不允許移民等)，移民數(shù)大減， hiatus 本意空隙、中斷、間隔，指的就是這段菲律賓裔的移民低潮期。

如果有志留在美國(guó)工作和生活，該感謝 1965 年的移民法，因?yàn)閺倪@個(gè)法案開(kāi)始，所謂 “技術(shù)移民” 開(kāi)始成為外國(guó)人進(jìn)入美國(guó)的一種最重要通道。

而作為上限的 1934 年，發(fā)生了什么?

合理的推測(cè)是，發(fā)生了某事，讓菲律賓裔移民數(shù)銳減。

事實(shí)的確如此，1934 年通過(guò)的 The Tydings - McDuffie Act，officially the Philippine Independence Act，其中規(guī)定：

The act reclassified all Filipinos, including those who were living in the United States, as aliens for the purposes of immigration to America. A quota of 50 immigrants per year was established.[2] Before this act, Filipinos were classified as United States nationals, but not United States citizens, and while they were allowed to migrate relatively freely, they were denied naturalization rights within the US, unless they were citizens by birth in the mainland US.[3]

是的，沒(méi)看錯(cuò)，定額為每年 50 人。盡管這個(gè)法案并沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行，比如夏威夷蔗糖種植園主派人成功游說(shuō)聯(lián)邦政府，允許更多菲律賓勞工入境工作，但準(zhǔn)入的多為男性勞工，從事的也是底層體力勞動(dòng)，這種情形在 1965 年以后改變很大，文段下文有呼應(yīng)。

3

A special strength is the representation of Filipino American women, who were scarce among immigrants before the 1934 American curb on Filipino immigration but composed more than half of the immigrants to America since liberalization in 1965.

作品特別有力地展示了菲律賓裔美籍女性，1934 年美國(guó)限制菲律賓裔移民以前就很少，但 1965 年政策放開(kāi)后卻在總數(shù)中過(guò)半。

4

Espiritu’s subjects document their changing sense of Filipino identity in the United States, much as Bulosan did as a member of the first substantial wave of immigrants.

E 的描述對(duì)象記錄了美籍菲律賓人身份的轉(zhuǎn)變，就像 B 作為第一代移民大潮的一員所做的記錄。

1. According to the passage, both Bulosan and Espiritu do which of the following in their work?

A. Consider generational differences in Filipino immigrants’ responses to life in the United

B. Attempt to make allowance for the demographic variations among Filipino immigrants to the United States

C. Employ fiction in addition to documenting actual life histories of Filipino immigrants to theUnited States

D. Represent how life in the United States has affected immigrants’ sense of Filipino identity

E. Examine the effects on Filipinos in the United States of the 1934 American curb on Filipino immigration

選 D

比較樸實(shí)的細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)句 4：

Espiritu’s subjects document their changing sense of Filipino identity in the United States, much as Bulosan did as a member of the first substantial wave of immigrants.

2. In the context in which it appears, “graphically” most nearly means

A. in writing

B. by means of drawing

C. impressionistically

D. diagrammatically

E. vividly

選 E

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