Inflation targeting is a monetary policy framework in which a central bank sets an explicit target for inflation and uses its policy tools to achieve that target. The target is usually expressed as a specific rate of inflation, such as 2% per year, and the central bank adjusts its interest rates or other policy tools to achieve that target.

The goal of inflation targeting is to maintain price stability and anchor inflation expectations, which can help to reduce uncertainty and promote economic growth. By setting a clear inflation target, the central bank can communicate its policy intentions to the public and financial markets, which can help to guide expectations and influence behavior.

Inflation targeting has been adopted by many central banks around the world, including the Federal Reserve in the United States, the European Central Bank, and the Bank of Japan. However, there is ongoing debate about the effectiveness of inflation targeting and whether it is the best approach to monetary policy in all circumstances.