2019年MBA考試《英語》考試共48題，分為英譯漢和寫作和完形填空和閱讀理解A和閱讀理解B。小編為您整理第六章 短文翻譯5道練習(xí)題，附答案解析，供您備考練習(xí)。

1、

    An Asian engineer is assigned to a U.S. laboratory and almost suffers a nervous breakdown. A U.S. executive tells his staff he's going to treat them fairly—and creates dissension. A Japanese manager is promoted by his American president, but within six months asks for a transfer. Each of these real-life cases involved people who were regarded as superior employees, but were ill-equipped to cope with the complexities and dangers of intercultural management. 

    "Multinational companies have studied everything else, now they're finally looking at culture", says Clifford Clarke, founder and president of the California-based IRI International Inc. "Never show the shoe to an Arab, never arrive in time for a party in Brazil, and in Japan, don't think ‘yes' means ‘yes'," advise U.S. consultants Lennie Copland and Lewis Brown Griggs, who have produced a series of films and a book to help managers improve their international business skills. But simply learning the social "do's" and "don'ts" is not the answer, according to the new culture specialists. The penalties for ignoring different thinking patterns, they point out, can be disastrous.

答案解析:       一個(gè)亞洲工程師被派到美國的實(shí)驗(yàn)室后精神幾乎崩潰。一個(gè)美國經(jīng)理告訴他的員工自己將公平對(duì)待他們，而這卻導(dǎo)致了沖突。一個(gè)日本經(jīng)理獲得了美國總裁的提升，但不到六個(gè)月就要求調(diào)任。這些實(shí)際生活中的例子涉及到了那些被認(rèn)為是高級(jí)雇員的人，這些人沒有準(zhǔn)備好去處理跨文化管理中的復(fù)雜性及危險(xiǎn)性。
       總部位于加利福尼亞的IRI國際公司創(chuàng)始人兼總裁Clifford Clarke指出，國際化公司已研究了其他方面，現(xiàn)在他們終于開始正視文化方面了。美國顧問Lennie Copland和Lewis Brown Griggs建議：決不要向阿拉伯人展示鞋，在巴西參加聚會(huì)決不要按時(shí)到，在日本不要認(rèn)為yes就是同意。這些顧問拍攝了一系列短片，并寫了一本書以幫助經(jīng)理們提高他們的國際化經(jīng)營(yíng)管理技能。據(jù)新文化專家說，僅僅學(xué)習(xí)社交場(chǎng)合中“應(yīng)該做什么”和“不應(yīng)該做什么”不是解決之道。他們指出忽視不同的思維方式，懲罰后果會(huì)很嚴(yán)重。

2、

    120 presidents and prime ministers will gather in New York for a UN conference on climate change. It is the first time the subject has brought so many leaders together since the ill-fated Copenhagen summit of 2009. Now, as then, they will assert that reining in global warming is a political priority. Some may commit their governments to policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

    According to scientists, cutting carbon-dioxide emission is an essential part of reducing catastrophic risk from climate change. Yet governments are persistently reluctant to provide estimates of how much carbon a policy saves. That may because, in countries where climate change is controversial, it makes more sense to talk about the other benefits a scheme offers rather than its effect on carbon. Or it may be that, in countries which are enthusiastic about renewable energy, pointing out that it may not save that much carbon is seen as unhelpful. Or perhaps governments think climate change is so serious that all measures must be taken, regardless of cost.

答案解析:

       據(jù)報(bào)道120多位國家總統(tǒng)和首相將會(huì)匯聚紐約，出席聯(lián)合國氣候變化大會(huì)。這是自2009年一無所獲的哥本哈根氣候大會(huì)之后，多國元首第一次為了此項(xiàng)議題聚會(huì)。就像當(dāng)時(shí)一樣，他們?nèi)缃褚惨恢抡J(rèn)為控制全球變暖是政治的頭等大事。一些國家元首可能會(huì)承諾實(shí)行以削減溫室氣體排放為目標(biāo)的相關(guān)政策。

       科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，減少二氧化碳排放量是降低氣候變化導(dǎo)致的災(zāi)難風(fēng)險(xiǎn)必不可少的一步。但是，各國政府始終都不愿就其政策可減少的碳排放量問題給出預(yù)估。這也許是因?yàn)椋谀承﹪遥瑲夂蜃兓瘑栴}仍然存在爭(zhēng)議，這樣，對(duì)政府而言，展示其政策的其他收效而非減排更有意義；有些國家熱衷于再生能源，指出政府政策未能完成減排量也于事無補(bǔ)；有些國家認(rèn)為氣候變化問題非常嚴(yán)重，應(yīng)該不惜代價(jià)，采取措施（應(yīng)對(duì)）。

3、

    For the past five years, Tianjin University in northern China has provided free accommodation for parents in what it calls “tents of love.” Other schools let parents sleep on mats in school gymnasiums.

    Images of school gyms packed with parents have been widely shared on Chinese social media prompting a debate on whether China’s only children are treated too kindly and generously. Some have voiced criticism of Tianjin University, saying that they think both the parents and the children should be more independent.

    China’s children are often doted on by parents and two sets of grandparents, prompting fears that China has produced a generation of “l(fā)ittle emperors” unable or unwilling to take care of themselves.

    Some experts think that the problem is overstated. They claimed that for some families, it’s their way to celebrate the first-ever family member who’s able to go to college. There’s nothing wrong with sharing the happiness.

答案解析:      過去五年來，天津大學(xué)一直為家長(zhǎng)們提供免費(fèi)住處，并將其稱為“愛的帳篷”。其它學(xué)校也讓家長(zhǎng)借宿在學(xué)校體育館的墊子上。
      學(xué)校體育館里擠滿家長(zhǎng)的圖片在中國的社交媒體上廣泛流傳，引起了人們對(duì)中國獨(dú)生子女是否太過嬌慣的爭(zhēng)論。有人批評(píng)天津大學(xué)的做法，他們認(rèn)為家長(zhǎng)和孩子都應(yīng)該更加獨(dú)立。
      中國的千禧一代，常常是被爸媽哄著，爺爺奶奶姥姥姥爺寵著，使人擔(dān)心中國培養(yǎng)了一代“小皇帝”，不愿意自理或缺乏自理能力。
      一些專家認(rèn)為，問題嚴(yán)重性被夸大了。他們認(rèn)為，對(duì)一些家庭來說，這是對(duì)家里出了第一位大學(xué)生的慶祝方式，分享這份喜悅沒什么不對(duì)的。

4、

   Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely — though by no means uniformly — glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all. 

    Now Utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to. 

    But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years一 so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens，if not hundreds，of thousands of years. According to the UN, there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.

答案解析:

       直到幾十年前，我們對(duì)未來的展望——盡管并不完全一致——但大多極為樂觀。（人們相信）科技將會(huì)解決人類一切問題，讓所有人都過上充滿機(jī)遇和滿足感的生活。

       如今，隨著我們對(duì)自身面臨的一系列威脅（從小行星撞擊到肆虐的流感，再到氣候變化）有了更深刻的了解，烏托邦式的美好想象已變得不再流行。你甚至?xí)蛔≌J(rèn)為人類幾乎沒什么未來可期待了。

       然而，這種悲觀的想法是錯(cuò)誤的。化石記錄表明許多物種可以存在數(shù)百萬年——人類為何不可能呢？從更宏觀的視角來審視我們?nèi)祟愒谟钪嬷械奈恢脮?huì)很清楚地發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們很可能會(huì)生存數(shù)萬年(即使不是幾十萬年）的時(shí)間。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國的看法，當(dāng)前并不存在任何重大威脅可導(dǎo)致人類數(shù)量的整體下降。

5、    Climate change is a global issue of common concern to the international community. In recent years, worldwide heat waves, droughts, floods and other extreme climate events have occurred frequently, making the impact of climate change increasingly prominent. It has become a main world trend that all countries join hands to respond to climate change and promote green and low-carbon development.
    China is the world's largest developing country, with a large population, insufficient energy resources, complex climate and fragile eco-environment. It has not yet completed the historical task of industrialization and urbanization and its development is unbalanced. China's per-capita GDP in 2010 was only a little more than RMB 29,000. By the UN standard, China still has a poverty-stricken population of over 100 million, thus it faces an extremely arduous task in developing its economy, eliminating poverty and improving the people's livelihood. In the meantime, China is one of the countries most vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. 【英譯漢】

答案解析:       對(duì)于國際社會(huì)來講，氣候變化是個(gè)普遍關(guān)注的全球性問題。近年來，全球性熱浪、干旱、洪水以及其他極端氣候事件頻頻發(fā)生，使得氣候變化的影響變得越來越突出。世界各國攜手共同應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化并促進(jìn)綠色與低碳事業(yè)發(fā)展，已成為世界上的一個(gè)主流趨勢(shì)。
       中國是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家，人口眾多，能源不足，氣候復(fù)雜，生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱。迄今尚未完成工業(yè)化與城市化的歷史任務(wù)，并且發(fā)展也不均衡。中國在2010年的人均GDP僅僅是2萬9千多人民幣。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國的貧困標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，中國仍有1億多的貧困人口，因此，中國在發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、消除貧困以及改善民生方面面臨的任務(wù)極為艱巨。同時(shí)，中國還是最容易遭受氣候變化負(fù)作用影響的國家之一。